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Animal ethology and ecology. Sociobiology

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General ethics --- Human rights --- Animal ethology and ecology. Sociobiology

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Conventional wisdom considers deserts stark, harsh regions that support few living things. Most people also believe that water alone makes the desert bloom. Ecology of Desert Systems challenges these conventional views. This volume explores a broad range of topics of interest to ecosystem, population, community, and physiological ecologists. Climate, weather patterns, geomorphology, and wind and water processes are examined as variables that affect the distribution of biota through fundamental ecosystem processes. Descriptions of morphological, behavioral, and physiological adaptations of desert biota illuminate, through the lens of patch dynamics, principles for understanding observed patterns of primary production, nutrient cycling, and the effects of consumers. Desertification, and the techniques for monitoring and quantifying it, is examined within the framework of desert ecosystem patterns and processes. * Focuses on the interactions of climate, soil, and biota along a spectrum of spatial and temporal scales * Details the role of animals in desert ecosystems and landscape processes * Examines watershed scale processes, the ecology of ephemeral lakes, and the ecological changes identified with desertification * Outlines the fundamental concepts relevant to sustainable development of arid lands.

Plant ecology. Plant sociology --- Animal ethology and ecology. Sociobiology

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This is the first book to provide assessments of multidecadal changes in resources and environments of the Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) of the North Atlantic. Using the case study method, researchers examine the forces driving the changes and actions underway aimed at turning the corner from declining trends in biomass yields, toward recovery of depleted species populations and improvements in ecosystem integrity. Recently a distinguished group of 24 scientists argued eloquently that a new Sustainability Science was emerging that was focused on "meeting fundamental human needs while preserving the life support systems of planet Earth". The contributions contained in this volume are at the cutting edge of Sustainability Science and the results presented by the contributors are pertinent to one of the core questions: "How are long-term trends in environment and development, including consumption and population, reshaping nature-society interactions in ways relevant to sustainability?" (Science Vol. 292, 27 April 2001). The case studies demonstrate the utility of an ecosystem-based approach to the assessment and management of biomass yields and species sustainability. Movements toward ecosystem-based management have emerged from the case studies on the initiation of recoveries of several depleted groundfish stocks of the US Northeast Shelf LME; the collapse of the Newfoundland-Labrador Shelf cod; the assessment of physical and biological changes on the Scotian Shelf, West Greenland Shelf, Iceland Shelf LME, and the Faroe Plateau, the North Sea, and the Barents Sea LMEs. Uncertainties, with regard to environmental and human-generated forcing, are addressed in assessment of the states of the Iberian Coastal and Biscay-Celtic LMEs, and in broad-scale studies of the influences at the base of the food chain of climatic variability on the productivity and biodiversity of plankton communities of the North Atlantic. The volume concludes with an insightful perspective on the approaches used and the results reported by the eminent marine scientist and former President of ICES, Professor Gotthilf Hempel.

General ecology and biosociology --- Plant ecology. Plant sociology --- Animal ethology and ecology. Sociobiology

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Les animaux ont, ces dernières années, bien changé. Longtemps on a cru qu'on devait les étudier de manière objective. Soit en les soumettant à des expériences, qui ressemblaient parfois à des séances de torture, dans des laboratoires spécialisés. Soit en les étudiant dans leur milieu naturel de la manière la plus discrète possible. Ce qui n'aboutit qu'à des impasses. L'auteur nous montre en revanche comment les moutons, les cochons, les corbeaux, les rats, les perroquets, les chiens, les singes sont capables de transformer les chercheurs pour qu'ils deviennent plus intelligents et apprennent à leur poser, enfin, de bonnes questions. Et ce sont ces bonnes questions qui vont, à leur tour, transformer les animaux... Ainsi on verra le singe, dont Freud et Darwin voulaient faire le témoin de notre origine, devenir mille fois plus intéressant quand il est étudié par un naturaliste anarchiste ! Et que devient-il encore lorsque les pratiques se transforment sous l'effet de l'arrivée des femmes sur le terrain ? Et Vinciane Despret de nous faire partager les angoisses et les joies des chercheurs qui parlent aujourd'hui avec leurs singes ou leurs perroquets ! Elle nous fait suivre les transformations proposées à chacun d'eux. Mais avec ces transformations, tous ces êtres issus de nos pratiques scientifiques ne sont-ils pas occupés à nous poser une question politique ? Ce livre émouvant fourmille de mille exemples et histoires rapportés par des éthologues.

Animal ethology and ecology. Sociobiology --- Animal behavior --- Animaux --- Moeurs et comportement --- Ethology - Animals and Men --- 844 --- Literature French essays --- Ethologie --- Ethology - Animals and Men.